Objective

The purpose of this document is to collate the methods used to access, collect, process, and analyze derived data (“indicators”) used to describe the status and trend of social, economic, ecological, and biological conditions in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (see Fig. 1, below). These indicators are further synthesized in Ecosystem Status Reports produced annually by the Northwest and Southwest Fisheries Science Centers for the Pacific Fisheries Management Council. The metadata for each indicator (in accordance with the Public Access to Research Results (PARR) directive) and the methods used to construct each indicator are described in the subsequent chapters, with each chapter title corresponding to an indicator or analysis present in Ecosystem Status Reports. The most recent and usable html version of this document can be found at https://cciea-esr.github.io/ESR-Technical-Documentation-FY2025/. The PDF version of this and future versions document will be archived in NOAA’s Institutional Repository.

Indicators included in this document were selected to clearly align with management objectives, which is required for integrated ecosystem assessment (Levin et al. 2009), and has been advised many times in the literature (Degnbol and Jarre 2004; Jennings 2005; Rice and Rochet 2005; Link 2005). A difficulty with practical implementation of this in ecosystem reporting can be the lack of clearly specified ecosystem-level management objectives (although some have been suggested (Murawski 2000)). In our case, considerable effort had already been applied to derive both general goals and operational objectives from both US legislation such as the Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (MSA) and regional sources (Harvey et al. 2021).

References

Degnbol, P., and A. Jarre. 2004. “Review of Indicators in Fisheries Management – a Development Perspective.” African Journal of Marine Science 26 (1): 303–26. https://doi.org/10.2989/18142320409504063.
Harvey, Chris J, Newell Toby Garfield, Gregory D Williams, and Nicholas Tolimieri. 2021. “Ecosystem Status Report of the California Current for 2020-21: A Summary of Ecosystem Indicators Compiled by the California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Team (CCIEA).NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-170.” https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25923/x4ge-hn11.
Jennings, Simon. 2005. “Indicators to Support an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries.” Fish and Fisheries 6 (3): 212–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2005.00189.x.
Levin, Phillip, Michael Fogarty, Steven Murawski, and David Fluharty. 2009. “Integrated Ecosystem Assessments: Developing the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem-Based Management of the Ocean.” PLoS Biology 7 (February): e14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000014.
Link, Jason S. 2005. “Translating Ecosystem Indicators into Decision Criteria.” ICES Journal of Marine Science 62 (3): 569–76.
Murawski, Steven A. 2000. “Definitions of Overfishing from an Ecosystem Perspective.” ICES Journal of Marine Science 57 (3): 649–58. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0738.
Rice, Jake, and Marie-joelle Rochet. 2005. “A Framework for Selecting a Suite of Indicators for Fisheries Management.” ICES Journal of Marine Science 62 (3): 516–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.01.003.